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Lexicon of fibers and materials

Acetate: synthetic fibber made from the cellulose which dissolves in the acetone. Ersatz of the silk and the satin (for linings (stand-in) or brilliant tuxedos) was especially used in the forties and fifty as Cloth. It gives a silky aspect and returns the pleasant touch.

Acrylic: completely synthetic fibber which results from some mixture between the ammonia water and the by-product of the oil. It is generally mixed in the wool or as a replacement of this one (especially for the stitch). 

Alcantara: synthetic material looking like the deer, insensible in the water and in the dust, but staying, contrary in the real leather, stiff and giving a stiff shape to the jackets. 

Alpaca: fibber made from the hair of certain lamas, especially used in mixture with the wool. The alpaca is fine, soft and brillant. 

Angora: fibber resulting from the hair of the rabbit and the Angora goat, used in knitting’s or fabrics of soft and luxurious aspect, to which these hairs give an additional inflation. The angora is also used in felt hats. 

Astrakhan: fur of young lambs with curly hairs. 

Bamboo: ultrafine fibbers in the extraordinary properties. They are ultra-soft, of silky aspect and four times as absorbent as some cotton. Ultimate perfection, the bamboo possesses natural antibacterial elements, what makes it particularly healthy. Even after numerous washes it keeps its properties. 

Cashmere: extremely fine Wool of the Kashmir goat, an expensive, soft and elastic material, with a luxurious brightness. This wool was originally used for regional coloured weavings. 

Cellulosic: any natural fibber of vegetable origin (cotton, linen, jute, hemp), and any artificial fibber derived of some cellulose (viscose, acetate, sorting acetate, modal verb, rayon, lyocell) 

Hemp: vegetable fibber extracted from the bark ' cannabis sativa '; (unrefined clothing, ropes) 

Camelhair: it is the hair of the animal mixed generally in some wool, very soft and pleasant to the touch, used in coats and blazers. Light Brown coloured in dark Brown. 

Cheviot: kind of unrefined wool of the English and Scottish sheeps (muttons). This term is at present used for the other rough woolen weavings. 

Coolmax: with this fabric anti-perspiration to keep you the body for the cool and for the dry, while evacuating the perspiration. Used also for underwear. 

Cotton: natural fibber in the high, flexible, elastic absorption power, the good mechanical resistance, the wash and easy stain removal. Insensible in the static electricity, the pleasant touch, the easy dye. It quickly takes offence, is sensitive to moulds, important shrinkage.

Elastane: term consisted from the words «elastic (rubber band) and polyurethane ", generic name point out the threads to high elasticity. Stretches out under strength of drive until 3 times its length, it quickly takes back its initial shape when the drive stops being applied. Ex: Dorlastan, Glospan, Linel, Lycra.

Kapok: very light, rot proof, waterproof vegetable fibber, used for the filling. 

Wool: the wool is constituted by hairs soft, fine and curled which shape the fleece of the sheep and some other animals among which: goat mohair, goat cashmere, the camel, the lama, it has a very good thermal power, a good elasticity, a very good absorption power, a big sweetness and a very big flexibility. But it is little insulating, risks to felt, low traction resistance, sensitive to moths and to light. 

Lambswool: wool of lamb, the first wool of a sheep and the softest.  

Linen: vegetable fibber extracted from the stalk of the absorption linum. The good power of absorption, flexibility and the good mechanical resistance, does not go fluffy, big sharpness, big traction resistance. It is little insulating, quickly takes offence, turns yellow to the light, the difficult bleaching, the low solidity of the dyes and sensitive to moulds.

Lycra ®: clothes containing some LYCRA ® get a real comfort. During the effort, so wet as dry, they allow a big freedom of movement and ease. Held long lasting. Fibber Elastane invented and made by Dupont (which markets it since 1960). This fibber can stretch until 7 times its length and get back at once its initial length as soon as the tension stops. She can be used in all the fabrics and mixes as well in the natural fibbers as the synthetic materials. It is never used only. The Lycra brings the elasticity necessary for the underwear which follows better the movements of the body and allows them to keep for a long time their initial shape and their size (cutting). This fibber really contributes to a bigger freedom of movement; it brings holding (dress) long lasting, comfort and the good (property) to go, freedom of movements, ideal preservation.

Lyocell: textiles (textile industries) Lyocell are uncrushable and waterproof. The absorption capacity of tints is big, what allows sensational colours with more low manufacturing costs. Textiles with Lyocell are more absorbent than the cotton or the silk, a little less than the wool, the linen or the viscose. They do not crumple as the viscose, the cotton or the linen and smooth out easily in a wet heat. They do not shrink and are stable as the silk. They breathe and are absorbent. Other quality, fibbers part in fibrils what allows to obtain a particular touch "skin of sins " particularly appreciated by the manufacturers of lingerie. 

Merino: kind of very fine wool of the Australian sheep the fibber of which can be extraordinarily thin (until 22mm of diameter). The first property of pure wool virgin of merino, besides its certain comfort by its sweetness and its lightness, is to maintain in a constant way the temperature of our body and to avoid so all the problems due to the temperature variations which we undergo permanently. 

Modal verb: the modal verb is a fibber extracted from some wooden cellulose, natural raw material. It is soft, flexible and silky, for a high comfort. It has the peculiarity to remain flexible and soft even at the end of several washes. The modal verb is particularly absorbent and breathing. The modal verb has an analogy of behaviour comparable to that of the viscose. Their aspect is brilliant, matt or coloured in the mass. 

Mohair: twice a year, the breeders collect the MOHAIR which is systematically sorted out and classified in various categories according to its sharpness: kid-mohair or mohair of kids, mohair of the young people, mohair of the adults. The mohair is an alive fibber. Thanks to its power high ‘’diathermia’’, dices that it is cold, it swells of sight and forms between the skin and the garment or the cover, a kind of «insulating blanket ". If it is warm, it absorbs the humidity of the body and exports it towards the outside. If it makes wet it holds it on surface, so the body lives in the dry. It is very resistant does not ignite, wastes away slowly, protects and isolates from the fire. It does not keep the smells and little dirt. It washes himself in machine program wool, dries itself in flat and in the shadow before restoring all its qualities of flexibility, lightness and comfort. 

Nylon: particularly solid synthetic fibber and easy to wash. 

Outlast: thermo fabric regulating create in the USA for Gateway Technologies from a technology of the NASA (materials with change of phase which pass from the solid state to the liquid state according to the temperature). This fabric already used in the clothing absorbs or throws back the heat according to your temperature. 

Polyamide: synthetic material, relatively elastic, resistant, flexible, threads, of easy cleaning. Examples: Meryl, Tactel.

Polyester: synthetic material, resistant, flexible thread, very good thermal memory (unsmooth out, pleating), easy cleaning. Example: Tergal. 

Ramie: vegetable fibber produced mainly in China and in Brazil by the hulling of the stalks of a stinging nettle, ' Boehmeria nivea '; brilliant, very resistant and rot proof.

Viscose: a noble material stemming from natural product. It is obtained from the regenerated cellulose, appearing or in continuous threads (rayon viscose) or in intermittent cut fibbers called formerly ' fibrin '. It benefits from 100 years of experience which makes it a leader in the fashion. The viscose is a material beautiful to look; it has a silky, gleaming aspect and accepts brilliant colours which do not deteriorate. It distinguishes itself by a very beautiful hang thanks to the density of the material (superior to the cotton). Its touch is fluid and natural for an optimal comfort. Does not keep the static electricity. Its) speed of absorption of the humidity of the body is superior to the cotton (13 % against 8.5 %). In summary, it is the perfect association of the aesthetics and the comfort. Cleaning: easy (well-to-do), its solidity is excellent as well as the holding of colours in 40°C

Silk: we extract it of the cocoon of various caterpillars, in particular the bombyx of the mulberry tree. The silk possesses exceptional qualities of sweetness, shine, flexibility; creased, it makes a particular rustle listen: ' the crunchy pastry’